Physical seed treatment involves the application which of physical external materials led to change of seed vitality indices (germinating
energy, germination, and uniformity of germination. Such examples are heat treatment (dry heat and hot water) applied externally in reducing seed borne fungi and therefore increase in percentage germination of seed.

Chemical seed treatment involves applying chemical substances to seeds before planting to protect them from pests, diseases, and other environmental factors. This treatment can help improve seed germination rates, enhance plant growth, and increase crop yields. The chemicals used in these treatments can include fungicides and insecticides.

The application of biological seed treatment involves using living organisms or natural biological agents to enhance the quality and health of seeds before planting. This practice is typically carried out to protect seeds from diseases, improve seed germination, promote early plant growth, and ultimately increase crop yields.

Seed priming is a technique by which seeds are partially hydrated to a point where germination-related metabolic processes begin, but radicle is not emerged. There are different type of seed priming techniques such as hydropriming, salt priming and chemical priming have been largely used for improving germination and crop establishment.This special treatmnet is a strategy enable to enhance crop production under the current climate change scenario as it is a reliable, simple, low-risk, and low-cost technique.

Seed coating is a technique by providing plant growth promoting substances onto the surface of seeds to improve seed quality. This type of seed treatments are being practiced locally and commercially as a means to substantially enhance the quality of seed with the ultimate objective to enhance crop productivity under optimal and stressed environments.Seed coating is considered one of the best methods to promote sustainable agriculture where the physical and physiological properties of seeds can be improved to facilitate planting, increase growth indices and alleviate abiotic and biotic stresses.