This topic reviews the essential concepts and identities of trigonometry that form the foundation for calculus. Students will revisit angles (in degrees and radians), the six trigonometric functions, the unit circle, and basic graphs, as well as key identities such as Pythagorean, reciprocal, quotient, co-function, and double- or half-angle formulas. The focus is on understanding function behavior, simplifying expressions, solving equations, and applying trigonometric skills in preparation for calculus.

In this topic, students will learn how to find the derivatives and integrals of basic trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, and tangent. The focus will be on understanding the main formulas and applying simple calculation steps. Students will practise solving straightforward problems to strengthen their skills in differentiation and integration involving trigonometric functions. This foundation will prepare them for more complex applications in future topics.

This topic explores the critical role trigonometry plays in the study and application of calculus. From analyzing periodic behavior in functions to evaluating complex integrals and solving real-world problems involving motion and waves, trigonometric concepts are deeply intertwined with calculus techniques. Students will learn how to apply trigonometric identities, transformations, and inverse functions within the framework of differentiation and integration. Real-life examples in physics, engineering, and signal processing will be used to illustrate the power and necessity of trigonometry in solving calculus problems.