1.1 Characteristic features of organic compounds
1.1.1 Valence bond theory
1.1.2 Chemical formula: Molecular formula, full structural formula, condensed structural formula and line angle formula
1.2 Definition of common terms used in organic chemistry: hydrocarbon, isomers, electrophiles, nucleophiles, Lewis
acids and Lewis bases.
1.3 Isomerism
1.3.1 Structural isomerism
1.3.2 Geometrical isomerism
1.3.3 Optical isomerism
1.4 Homologous series: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, amide, amine, aldehyde,
alcohol, carboxylic acids, ester, ether, haloalkanes and ketone.
1.5 Physical properties of organic compounds
1.5.1 Solubility
1.5.2 Boiling Point

2.1 General formula, structure and nomenclature: IUPAC and common names
2.2 Methods of preparation (alkanes):
2.2.1 Hydrogenation of alkenes
2.2.2 Reduction of alkyl halides
2.2.3 Hydrolysis of Grignard reagent
2.3 Reactions:
2.3.1 Halogenation (discuss mechanism)
2.3.2 Complete combustion
2.3.3 Ring opening reactions: cyclopropane
2.4 Baeyer Strain Theory for cycloalkanes (without calculation).
2.5 Uses

3.1 General formula, structure and nomenclature: IUPAC and common names
3.2 Methods of preparation (alkenes):
3.2.1 Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
3.2.2 Dehalogenation of dihalides
3.2.3 Reduction of alkynes
3.3 Reactions:
3.3.1 Addition of symmetric reagents(H2 and X2)
3.3.2 Addition of unsymmetrical reagents (HX and H2O/ H2SO4)
(Discuss Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov rule.)
3.3.3 Oxidation (Complete combustion, Ozonolysis, Hydroxylation KMnO4/H+ cold)
3.3.4 Simple test of alkenes (Bromine Test and Baeyer’s Test)
3.4 Uses

4.1 General formula, structure and nomenclature: IUPAC and common names
4.2 Methods of preparation:
4.2.1 Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl dihalides
4.2.2 Alkylation of salt of terminal alkynes
4.3 Reactions:
4.3.1 Addition reactions (H2, X2, HX and H2O, H2SO4, HgSO4).
4.4 Uses

5.1 Structure and nomenclature: IUPAC and common names
5.2 Reaction and mechanism: Electrophilic aromatic substitution
5.2.1 Halogenations
5.2.2 Nitration
5.2.3 Sulphonation
5.2.4 Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation
5.3 Effect of substituents on the reactivity and orientation
5.3.1 Activating group: ortho-para directing effect
5.3.2 Deactivating group: meta directing effect
5.4 Reaction of side chain on arenes
5.4.1 Substitution (halogenation)
5.4.2 Oxidation (hot, concentrated KMnO4, H+)
5.5 Uses

6.1 Nomenclature: IUPAC and common names
6.2 Methods of preparation:
6.2.1 Halogenation of alkanes
6.2.2 Addition of HX to alkenes
6.3 Reactions of alkyl halides:
6.3.1 Substitution (mechanism, stereochemistry, rate of reaction, steric hindrance)
6.3.1.1 SN2 reaction
6.3.1.2 SN1 reaction
6.3.2 Elimination (mechanism, rate of reaction)
6.3.2.1 E1 reaction
6.3.2.2 E2 reaction
6.3.3 Reduction of alkyl halide
6.3.4 Hydrolysis of Grignard reagent
6.4 Uses

A1 : Please go to this URL: https://ufuture.uitm.edu.my/home/course_detail.php?course=CHM258

A2 : No there is no prerequisite course for this subject.