1.1 Overview of professional ethics
1.1.1 General ideas on professional ethics
1.1.2 Ethics in the accounting profession
1.1.3 Applying ethics in the accounting work environment
1.2 Applying ethical theories in individual behaviour
1.2.1 Normative theories
1.2.2 Teleological theories
1.2.3 Deontological theories
1.2.4 Virtue ethics
1.3 Issues in ethical decision-making
1.3.1 Identifying factors influencing decision-making
1.3.2 Exploring ethical decision-making models

2.1 Overview of corporate governance
2.1.1 Evolution of corporate governance internationally
2.1.2 Defining corporate governance
2.1.3 Critical elements of corporate governance
2.1.3.1 Corporations
2.1.3.2 Shareholders
2.1.3.3 Board of directors and board committees
2.1.3.4 Board structure and composition
2.1.3.5 Roles, duties and responsibilities of a board
2.1.3.6 Roles of non-executive directors
2.1.3.7 Independence of non-executive directors
2.1.4 Board committees
2.1.4.1 Audit committee
2.1.4.2 Remuneration committee
2.1.4.3 Nomination committee
2.1.4.4 Other board committees
2.1.4.5 Enhancing the effectiveness of board committees
2.1.5 Principles of corporate governance
2.1.6 The impacts of effective corporate governance
2.1.7 Corporate governance theories and applications
2.1.8 Models of corporate governance
2.1.8.1 The unitary (Anglo-Saxon) model
2.1.8.2 The dual (European) model
2.1.9 Governance as practised in other sectors
2.1.9.1 Not-for-profit organisations
2.1.9.2 Family owned enterprises
2.1.9.3 Government or statutory bodies
2.1.9.4 Bumiputera owned businesses

3.1 Global development in corporate governance
3.1.1 Development of corporate governance in the US
3.1.2 Development of corporate governance in the UK
3.1.3 Introduction to Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002
3.1.4 Comparisons of the UK and the US corporate governance systems
3.2 Alternative international approaches to governance
3.2.1 Strengthening the concept of control
3.2.2 Relying on the market-based system
3.2.3 Using the relationship-based system
3.2.4 Depending on the ownership structure and firm performance
3.3 International issues and challenges in corporate governance

4.1 Local development in corporate governance
4.1.1 The 1997 Asian financial crisis: its causes and effects
4.1.2 Post 1997 reforms
4.1.3 The evolution of the Malaysian codes on corporate governance
4.1.4 Empirical studies on corporate governance in Malaysia
4.1.5 Governance failures and improvements in Malaysia
4.2 Local issues and challenges in corporate governance

5.1 Attributes of a high performing board
5.2 Corporate accountability
5.3 Whistle-blowing and its implications
5.4 The rise of Islamic governance
5.5 Interlocking / multiple directorships and their consequences
5.6 Evolving landscape of corporate governance in Asia
5.7 The issues of integrity
5.8 Maintaining sustainable governance

A1 : Business ethics is the study of appropriate business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial subjects including corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility, and fiduciary responsibilities.

A2 : Good corporate governance fosters a culture of integrity and leads to a positive performing and sustainable business. Good governance signals to the market that an organisation is well managed and that the interests of management are aligned with other stakeholders