Course Syllabus
General cytology
1.1 Identify laboratory health and safety.
1.2 Describe the historical review of clinical cytology.
1.3 Describe the organization of the cytopathological laboratory.
1.4 Explain the registration of specimen, patient matching, reporting and record keeping
system.
1.5 Explain the Bethesda reporting system.
1.5.1 Type of sample
1.5.2 Sample adequacy.
1.5.3 Interpretation of results
1.5.3.1 Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy.
1.5.3.2 Organsim present
1.5.3.3 Other non-neoplastic finding.
1.5.3.4 Epithelial cell abnormalities
1.5.3.5 Squamous cell
1.5.3.6 Glandular cell
1.5.4 Comment
1.5.5 Suggestion
1.6 Describe the concept of carcinogenesis and epidemiology of cervical cancer.
2.0 Cytopreparation techniques
2.1. Apply the cytology screening technique.
2.2. Carry out the process of samples preparation from the female genital tract.
2.3. Carry out the process of samples preparation from non gyne and FNAC (including cell block, sputum, bronchial
wash, bronchial brush and bronchioalveolar lavage-BAL).
2.4. Apply the theory and practices of fixation (the common used fixative).
2.5. Apply the theory and practice of staining with particular reference to:
2.5.1. The Papanicolaou and Hematoxylin & Eosin technique.
2.5.2. Differential quick (Diff quick).
2.5.3. May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG)
2.6. Apply the use of mountant – resinous and aqueous
2.7. Analyzed the assessment of smear quality
2.8. List the common artifacts and contaminants.
2.9. Demonstrate the use and maintenance of the light microscope.
2.10. Apply the theory and practice of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) materials and trolley.
3.0 Female Genital Tract
3.1 Describe anatomy, physiology and histology of FGT
3.2 Discuss the cell structure and function
3.3 Discuss cytological changes of the FGT under hormonal
influence in:
3.3.1 Newborn
3.3.2 Early childhood
3.3.3 Premenarche
3.3.4 Menstrual Cycle
3.3.5 Pregnancy
3.3.6 Postpartum Menopause
3.4 Describe the cytomorphology of:
3.4.1 Normal epithelial cells of FGT
3.4.2 Reserve cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia
3.4.3 Inflammation, degeneration, and regeneration.
3.4.4 Radiation and chemotherapy changes.
3.4.5 Hormone status: normal and abnormal pattern
3.4.6 Microbiology of the FGT and viral cytopathological changes.
3.4.7 Neoplasia: general features and an understanding of the process.
3.5 Describe the cytomorphology and histopathological basis of:
3.5.1 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) / squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)
3.5.2 Micro invasive and invasive squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
3.6 Describe the cytomorphology and histopathological basis of
3.6.1 Adenocarcinoma and glandular abnormalities.
3.7 Principle of investigation and management of a patient with abnormal cervical
smears.
4.0 Overview of Non-gyne and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
4.1 State the cytomorphology basis of:
4.1.1 Respiratory cytology.
4.1.2 Urine cytology
5.0 Special technique in cytology
5.1 Discuss the theory and practices of liquid based cytology.
6.0 Laboratory Quality Assurance
6.1 Describe the quality assurance program (including ISO 15189
and 9001:2000)
1.1 Identify laboratory health and safety.
1.2 Describe the historical review of clinical cytology.
1.3 Describe the organization of the cytopathological laboratory.
1.4 Explain the registration of specimen, patient matching, reporting and record keeping
system.
1.5 Explain the Bethesda reporting system.
1.5.1 Type of sample
1.5.2 Sample adequacy.
1.5.3 Interpretation of results
1.5.3.1 Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy.
1.5.3.2 Organsim present
1.5.3.3 Other non-neoplastic finding.
1.5.3.4 Epithelial cell abnormalities
1.5.3.5 Squamous cell
1.5.3.6 Glandular cell
1.5.4 Comment
1.5.5 Suggestion
1.6 Describe the concept of carcinogenesis and epidemiology of cervical cancer.
2.0 Cytopreparation techniques
2.1. Apply the cytology screening technique.
2.2. Carry out the process of samples preparation from the female genital tract.
2.3. Carry out the process of samples preparation from non gyne and FNAC (including cell block, sputum, bronchial
wash, bronchial brush and bronchioalveolar lavage-BAL).
2.4. Apply the theory and practices of fixation (the common used fixative).
2.5. Apply the theory and practice of staining with particular reference to:
2.5.1. The Papanicolaou and Hematoxylin & Eosin technique.
2.5.2. Differential quick (Diff quick).
2.5.3. May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG)
2.6. Apply the use of mountant – resinous and aqueous
2.7. Analyzed the assessment of smear quality
2.8. List the common artifacts and contaminants.
2.9. Demonstrate the use and maintenance of the light microscope.
2.10. Apply the theory and practice of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) materials and trolley.
3.0 Female Genital Tract
3.1 Describe anatomy, physiology and histology of FGT
3.2 Discuss the cell structure and function
3.3 Discuss cytological changes of the FGT under hormonal
influence in:
3.3.1 Newborn
3.3.2 Early childhood
3.3.3 Premenarche
3.3.4 Menstrual Cycle
3.3.5 Pregnancy
3.3.6 Postpartum Menopause
3.4 Describe the cytomorphology of:
3.4.1 Normal epithelial cells of FGT
3.4.2 Reserve cell hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia
3.4.3 Inflammation, degeneration, and regeneration.
3.4.4 Radiation and chemotherapy changes.
3.4.5 Hormone status: normal and abnormal pattern
3.4.6 Microbiology of the FGT and viral cytopathological changes.
3.4.7 Neoplasia: general features and an understanding of the process.
3.5 Describe the cytomorphology and histopathological basis of:
3.5.1 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) / squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL)
3.5.2 Micro invasive and invasive squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
3.6 Describe the cytomorphology and histopathological basis of
3.6.1 Adenocarcinoma and glandular abnormalities.
3.7 Principle of investigation and management of a patient with abnormal cervical
smears.
4.0 Overview of Non-gyne and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
4.1 State the cytomorphology basis of:
4.1.1 Respiratory cytology.
4.1.2 Urine cytology
5.0 Special technique in cytology
5.1 Discuss the theory and practices of liquid based cytology.
6.0 Laboratory Quality Assurance
6.1 Describe the quality assurance program (including ISO 15189
and 9001:2000)
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1 : Most common in sample in cytopathology
A1 : The most common samples in cytology are exfoliative, including cervical smears (Pap smears), urine and sputum.
Q2 : 1) What is the different between histology vs cytology?
A2 : Cytology is a cell but histology the specimens from tissue
A1 : The most common samples in cytology are exfoliative, including cervical smears (Pap smears), urine and sputum.
Q2 : 1) What is the different between histology vs cytology?
A2 : Cytology is a cell but histology the specimens from tissue