• Number Systems: decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal.
• Number Codes: Binary Coded Decimal (BCD), American Standard Code for information Interchange (ASCII),Gray code.
• Number Conversions: from one base to the other base and from one base to the other codes and vice versa.
• Representation of negative numbers: Signed Magnitude, 1’s complement, 2’s complement.
• Binary Arithmetic using 1’s and 2’s complement.

• Electronic Logic Gates: Symbols, truth tables and logic expression of AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT, XOR, XNOR.
• Integrated Circuit (IC) Gates.
• Combinational Logic Circuits Analysis and Design.

• Boolean Postulates and Laws.
• De Morgan's Theorems.
• Universality of NAND and NOR Gates.
• Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sums (POS) Expressions.
• Algebraic Simplifications and Manipulations.
• Karnaugh Maps (K-map): up to 4 input variables.
• K-map Simplifications and Manipulations.

• Combinational Logic circuits: Adder, Subtractor, Multiplier and Comparator.
• MSI Devices: Decoder, Encoder, Multiplexer.
• Combinational Logic circuits: Adder, Subtractor, Multiplier and Comparator.
• MSI Devices: Decoder, Encoder, Multiplexer.

• Difference between latch and flip flop.
• RS, D, JK and T flip-flops: Symbols, operation, truth tables and timing diagrams.
• Integrated Circuit Flip-flops, Preset and Clear functions.
• Comparison between Synchronous and Asynchronous Counter.
• Synchronous Counter: Analysis and Design of 2 to 3 bits counter.

A1 : A digital system is a system that stores data in a discrete way. The opposite is an analogue (US- analog) system, which stores the data in a continuous way.