1.1 Principles of ultrasound
1.2 Testing techniques
1.3 Calibration Methods
1.4 Evaluation of Mechanical defects

2.1 Principles Eddy Current testing
2.2 Eddy Current Testing techniques
2.3 Impedance-plane Diagrams

3.1 Principles of radiation
3.2 Industrial radiography techniques
3.3 Industrial radiography film processing
3.4 Safety and radiation protection

4.1 Principles of magnetism
4.2 Material and instruments in magnetic particle inspection
4.3 Magnetic particle inspection technique
4.4 Safety in conducting magnetic particle inspection

A1 : A collection of methods known as non-destructive testing (NDT) can be employed to assess the qualities of a material, part, or system without actually damaging it. Its primary functions include defect detection, property measurement, and quality control in the aerospace, manufacturing, oil and gas, and construction industries, among others.

A2 : 1. Ultrasonic Testing (UT) – Uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws or measure thickness.

2. Radiographic Testing (RT) – Uses X-rays or gamma rays to inspect internal structures.

3. Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) – Uses a magnetic field to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials.

4. Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) – Applies a liquid dye to reveal surface cracks and defects.

5. Eddy Current Testing (ET) – Uses electromagnetic induction to detect surface and sub-surface flaws in conductive materials.

6. Visual Testing (VT) – Uses direct or remote visual inspection techniques.

7. Acoustic Emission Testing (AET) – Detects stress-induced sound waves from materials under load.