Pipe Flow
1.1 Pipe friction and separation losses
Pressure flow, turbulent pipe flow
Friction loss, relative roughness, Moody’s diagram, Colebrook-White equation
Separation losses, equivalent length
Energy grade line
Darcy-Weisbach equation, Hazen-William equation

1.2 Pipe Flow Analysis
Application of energy equation to single pipe flow (pipe in series/ parallel)
Branching pipe (three-reservoir problem)
Pipe network analysis: Quantity balance and head balance method.

Open Channel Flow
2.1 Uniform Flow
Gravity flow, turbulent flow condition
Steady and unsteady flow, uniform and non-uniform flow
Hydraulic grade line
Chezy and Manning’s equation: hydraulic radius and roughness coefficients
Open drain and canal design
Optimum cross section, compound channel.
Application: open drainage design - drain capacity, minimum and maximum velocity, invert level

2.2 Non-uniform Flow
Rapidly-varied and gradually-varied flow
Froude number: critical, subcritical and supercritical flow
Specific energy diagram, control section
Effect of change in bed level and lateral contraction
Hydraulic jump: energy loss, energy dissipator
Application of weir flow and orifice flow: spillway discharge, culvert design
Classification of water surface profiles
Analysis of gradually-varied flow: direct step and standard step method

Hydraulic Machinery - Pumps
Axial flow, radial flow, mixed flow and positive displacement pump
Engineering application of pump
Suction and delivery head
Pump characteristic: efficiency, power requirement
System characteristic: Operating point
Pump in series/ parallel
Cavitation and net positive suction head
Pump design and selection: Specific number, similarity law

Q1 : What is Civil Engineering Hydraulics?
A1 : Hydraulics in the civil engineering field can be defined as the study of the mechanics of water. The main thrust will be the dynamic behavior of water.